Kratom Lords

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Kratom - Biological Effects and Chemical Composition The safety and efficacy of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) for treatment of pain is highly controversial. Kratom produces more than 40 structurally related alkaloids , but most studies have focused on just two of these, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine . Here, we profiled 53 commercial kratom products using untargeted LC–MS metabolomics, revealing two distinct chemotypes that contain different levels of the alkaloid speciofoline. Both chemotypes were confirmed with DNA barcoding to be M. speciosa. To evaluate the biological relevance of variable speciofoline levels in kratom, we compared the opioid receptor binding activity of speciofoline, mitragynine, and 7-hydroxymitragynine. Mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine function as partial agonists of the human µ-opioid receptor, while speciofoline does not exhibit measurable binding affinity at the µ-, δ- or ƙ-opioid receptors. Importantly, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynin

 Mitragyna speciosa (“kratom”), employed as a traditional medicine to improve mood and relieve pain, has shown increased use in Europe and North America. Here, the dose-dependent effects of a purified alkaloid kratom extract on neuronal oscillatory systems function, analgesia, and antidepressant-like behaviour were evaluated and kratom-induced changes in ΔFosB expression determined. Male rats were administered a low or high dose of kratom (containing 0.5 or 1 mg/kg of mitragynine, respectively) for seven days. Acute or repeated low dose kratom suppressed ventral tegmental area (VTA) theta oscillatory power whereas acute or repeated high dose kratom increased delta power, and reduced theta power, in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), prefrontal cortex (PFC), cingulate cortex (Cg) and VTA. The repeated administration of low dose kratom additionally elevated delta power in PFC, decreased theta power in NAc and PFC, and suppressed beta and low gamma power in Cg. Suppressed high gamma power in N

Kratom-Pharmacology, Clinical Implications and Deep Review Kratom, or Mitragyna , is a tropical plant indigenous to Southeast Asia, with unique pharmacological properties. It is commonly consumed by preparing the leaves into decoction or tea , or by grinding them into a powder . Recent evidence has revealed that kratom has physiological effects similar to opioids, including pain relief and euphoria, as well as stimulant properties, which together raise potential concern for dependence and addiction. Moreover, growing evidence suggests that the prevalence of kratom use is increasing in many parts of the world, raising important considerations for healthcare providers. This manuscript will discuss the most current epidemiology, pharmacology, toxicity, and management related to kratom, while seeking to provide a contemporary perspective on the issue and its role in the greater context of the opioid epidemic. Key Summary Points Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a botanical su

   Kratom  has become a very popular herb among individuals seeking natural alternatives to painkillers and anxiolytics. The plant is used for many reasons, including pain relief, anxiety relief, to increase energy and, especially, to get off synthetic opioids or ease their  withdrawal symptoms . But, like any other herb, kratom doesn’t come without side effects. People who use kratom regularly have reported some unpleasant effects, such as nausea, stomach upset and constipation. Typically, these side effects are not serious and will disappear after a few days since you stop using kratom. On the other hand, some people have experienced other effects, including  weight loss . However,  there are also users who report that kratom may be making them gain weight . But, is this possible? Does kratom cause weight gain? We’ll explore this subject in this article. Why Do We Gain Weight? Every person is different, and  there are many factors that can cause weight gain . Some of the most common

Sep. 6—Among legislation Pennsylvania lawmakers will consider when they return to Harrisburg for voting sessions after an absence of more than two months is regulation of a plant-based substance that can produce opioid- and stimulant-like effects. Although kratom and kratom-based products are legal and accessible in many areas throughout the U.S., including Pennsylvania, the Food and Drug Administration and other federal agencies continue to review emerging evidence to inform kratom policy, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Kratom is derived from leaves of a tree native to Southeast Asia and has become popular for various uses, including as a coffee-like stimulant and to fight pain and anxiety. Among the unapproved uses is for treatment of addiction; it's believed that many of those who buy kratom are using it as a natural alternative to the prescription drug suboxone, which treats symptoms of withdrawal from opioids such as pain pills and heroin. Kratom

  Kratom tea - An In-Depth Study Kratom tea  study stirs up new support for relieving opioid dependence. As the opioid epidemic continues to grip the nation and kills tens of thousands every year, a new study led by researchers at the University of Florida suggests kratom could be a prime treatment option for opioid dependence. In a controlled animal study, UF scientists found kratom — which comes from the leaves of a tropical tree originating in Southeast Asia — delivered significant pain-relieving benefits, reduced opioid withdrawal symptoms and caused minimal respiratory depression. Kratom users have reported similar experiences for years, but the UF study published in the journal Drug and Alcohol Dependence is one of the first preclinical investigations to validate these claims. Chris McCurdy, Ph.D., a professor of medicinal chemistry in the UF College of Pharmacy. “There have been a lot of anecdotal reports suggesting kratom has some pain-relieving properties and has helped transi

   The secrets of kratom – Interview with Jay McLaughlin To better understand the science of psychedelics, and how we can make the bridge to implementing them in practice, Blossom is conducting a series of interviews with psychedelic scientists. Their editor-at-large, George Fejer, speaks to Dr. Jay McLaughlin, Professor of Pharmacodynamics at the University of Florida, and one of the leading experts on  kratom. Key Insights Kratom and its active alkaloids are promising candidates to treat opioid addiction because they interact with different opioid receptor subtypes, which can counteract respiratory depression, opioid addiction, and its withdrawal symptoms. Salvinorin A is also an interesting candidate for treating addiction because it completely blocks out the rewarding effects of drugs, however, this is also accompanied by unpleasant subjective effects that could potentially cause drug relapse. Scientists are now developing multifunctional (partial) agonists, which initially block d